Based on the Temperature Correlation Principle, the Use of a Magnetic Obstacle to Generate Pulsations in the Flow Measurement of a Liquid Metal Coolant

A. D. Mamykin; R. I. Khalilov; E. Golbraikh; I. V. Kolesnichenko

doi:10.17804/2410-9908.2023.3.017-028

A. D. Mamykin, R. I. Khalilov, E. Golbraikh, I. V. Kolesnichenko

BASED ON THE TEMPERATURE CORRELATION PRINCIPLE, THE USE OF A MAGNETIC OBSTACLE TO GENERATE PULSATIONS IN THE FLOW MEASUREMENT OF A LIQUID METAL COOLANT

DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2023.3.017-028

A promising method for determining the flow rate of a liquid metal coolant is the temperature correlation method (TCM) since it does not require calibration. However, being indirect, it has a number of limitations to be carefully studied. A magnetic obstacle is used as a temperature pulsation generator. The paper presents the results of a numerical study on the influence of the size of a magnetic obstacle and its activity ratio, as well as effect of the temperature difference between the liquid metal and the environment, on the performance and accuracy of the TCM. The main criteria influencing the operation of the method are identified, namely the extent and spatial position of the vorticity and mixing zones.

Acknowledgement: The work was performed according to government budget plan No. 122030200191-9 and financially supported by the Perm Krai Government within the scientific project entitled The Development of Systems for Measuring the Flow of Liquid Metal in Ducts of Metallurgical and Nuclear Power Facilities.

Keywords: flow measurement, flow meter, magnetic obstacle, liquid metals, coolant, turbulence, thermocouple measurements, numerical calculation, modeling, cross-correlation

References:

Eckert S., Buchenau D., Gerbeth G., Stefani F. & Weiss F.-P. Some recent developments in the field of measuring techniques and instrumentation for liquid metal flows. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2011, vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 490–498. DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2011.9711724.
Pavlinov A., Khalilov R., Mamykin A., Kolesnichenko I. Electromagnetic flowmeter for wide-temperature range intensive liquid metal flows. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, vol. 581, pp. 012011. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/581/1/012011.
Ratajczak M., Hernández D., Richter T., Otte D., Buchenau D., Krauter N., Wondrak T. Measurement techniques for liquid metals. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017, vol. 228, pp. 012023. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/228/1/012023.
Li X., Yao X., Wang C., Zhu L. An improved electromagnetic flowmeter. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1584, pp. 012068. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1584/1/012068.
Kolesnichenko I., Khalilov R., Shestakov A., Frick P. ICMM’s two-loop liquid sodium facility. Magnetohydrodynamics, 2016, vol. 52, Nos. 1–2, pp. 87–94. DOI: 10.22364/mhd.52.1-2.11.
Khalilov R., Kolesnichenko I., Mamykin A., Pavlinov A. A combined liquid sodium flow measurement system. Magnetohydrodynamics, 2016, vol. 52, Nos. 1–2, pp. 53–60. DOI: 10.22364/mhd.52.1-2.7.
Taylor G.I. The spectrum of turbulence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A – Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 1938, vol. 164, No. 919, pp. 476–490. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1938.0032.
Benkert J., Mika C., Raes K.H., Stegemann D. Determination of thermocouple transfer-functions and fluid-flow velocities by temperature-noise measurements in liquid sodium. Progress of Nuclear Energy, 1977, vol. 1, iss. 2–4, pp. 553–563. DOI: 10.1016/0149-1970(77)90105-6.
Belyaev I.A., Razuvanov N.G., Sviridov V.G., Zagorsky V.S. Temperature correlation velocimetry technique in liquid metals. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 2017, vol. 55, pp. 37–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2017.05.004.
Votyakov E.V., Kassinos S.C. On the analogy between streamlined magnetic and solid obstacles. Physics of Fluids, 2009, vol. 21, iss. 9, pp. 097102. DOI: 10.1063/1.3231833.
Cuevas S., Smolentsev S., Abdou M. On the flow past a magnetic obstacle. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2006, vol. 553, pp. 227–252. DOI: 10.1017/S0022112006008810.
Votyakov E., Zienicke E., Kolesnikov Yu. Constrained flow around a magnetic obstacle. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2008, vol. 610, pp. 131–156. DOI: 10.1017/S0022112008002590.
Votyakov E.V., Kolesnikov Yu., Andreev O., Zienicke E., Thess A. Structure of the wake of a magnetic obstacle. Physical Review Letters, 2007, vol. 98, pp. 144504. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.144504.
Kenjereš S., Ten Cate S., Voesenek C.J. Vortical structures and turbulent bursts behind magnetic obstacles in transitional flow regimes. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2011, vol. 32, iss. 3, pp. 510–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2011.02.011.
Kenjereš S. Energy spectra and turbulence generation in the wake of magnetic obstacles. Physics of Fluids, 2012, vol. 24, iss. 11, pp. 115111. DOI: 10.1063/1.4767726.
Kenjereš S., Verdoold J., Tummers M. J., Hanjalić K., Kleijn C. R. Numerical and experimental study of electromagnetically driven vortical flows. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2009, vol. 30, iss. 3, pp. 494–504. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.02.014.
Zhang X., Huang H. Effect of magnetic obstacle on fluid flow and heat transfer in a rectangular duct. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014, vol. 51, pp. 31–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.01.011.
Votyakov E.V., Kassinos S.C. Core of the magnetic obstacle. Journal of Turbulence, 2010, vol. 11, article No. 49. DOI: 10.1080/14685248.2010.524220.
Kolesnichenko I., Mamykin A., Golbraikh E., Pavlinov A. Application of the temperature correlation method to measuring the flow rate of liquid sodium. Magnetohydrodynamics, 2021, vol. 57, No. 4, pp. 547–557. DOI: 10.22364/mhd.57.4.9.

А. Д. Мамыкин, Р. И. Халилов, Е. Голбрайх, И. В. Колесниченко

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МАГНИТНОГО ПРЕПЯТСТВИЯ ДЛЯ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПУЛЬСАЦИЙ ПРИ РАСХОДОМЕТРИИ ЖИДКОМЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО ТЕПЛОНОСИТЕЛЯ, ОСНОВАННОЕ НА ПРИНЦИПЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ КОРРЕЛЯЦИЙ

Перспективным методом определения расхода жидкометаллического теплоносителя является метод температурных корреляций (МТК) в силу того, что он не требует калибровки. Однако, являясь косвенным, он имеет ряд ограничений, подлежащих тщательному изучению. В качестве генератора пульсаций температуры используется магнитное препятствие. В статье приводятся результаты численного исследования влияния размера магнитного препятствия и его интенсивности воздействия, а также перепада температуры между жидким металлом и внешней средой на работоспособность и точность МТК. Выявлены основные критерии, влияющие на работу метода, а именно: протяженность и положение в пространстве зон завихренности и смешения.

Благодарность: Работа выполнена в соответствии с госбюджетным планом № 122030200191-9, а также при финансовой поддержке Правительства Пермского края в рамках научного проекта «Разработка систем измерения расхода жидкого металла в каналах металлурги-ческих и ядерных энергетических установок».

Ключевые слова: измерение расхода, расходомер, магнитное препятствие, жидкие металлы, теплоноситель, турбулентность, термопарные измерения, численный счет, моделирование, кросскорреляция

Библиография:

Some recent developments in the field of measuring techniques and instrumentation for liquid metal flows / S. Eckert, D. Buchenau, G. Gerbeth, F. Stefani & F.-P. Weiss // Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology. – 2011. – Vol. 48, No. 4. – P. 490–498. – DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2011.9711724.
Electromagnetic flowmeter for wide-temperature range intensive liquid metal flows / A. Pavlinov, R. Khalilov, A. Mamykin, I. Kolesnichenko // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. – 2019. – Vol. 581. – P. 012011. – DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/581/1/012011.
Measurement techniques for liquid metals / M. Ratajczak, D. Hernández, T. Richter, D. Otte, D. Buchenau, N. Krauter, T. Wondrak // IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. – 2017. – Vol. 228. – P. 012023. – DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/228/1/012023.
An improved electromagnetic flowmeter / X. Li, X. Yao, C. Wang, L. Zhu // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2020. – Vol. 1584. – P. 012068. – DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1584/1/012068.
ICMM’s two-loop liquid sodium facility / I. Kolesnichenko, R. Khalilov, A. Shestakov, P. Frick // Magnetohydrodynamics. – 2016. – Vol. 52, Nos. 1–2. – P. 87–94. – DOI: 10.22364/mhd.52.1-2.11.
A combined liquid sodium flow measurement system / R. Khalilov, I. Kolesnichenko, A. Mamykin, A. Pavlinov // Magnetohydrodynamics. – 2016. – Vol. 52, Nos. 1–2. – P. 53–60. – DOI: 10.22364/mhd.52.1-2.7.
Taylor G. I. The spectrum of turbulence // Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences. – 1938. – Vol. 164, No. 919. – P. 476–490. – DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1938.0032.
Determination of thermocouple transfer-functions and fluid-flow velocities by temperature-noise measurements in liquid sodium / J. Benkert, C. Mika, K. H. Raes, D. Stegemann // Progress of Nuclear Energy. – 1977. – Vol. 1, iss. 2–4. – P. 553–563. – DOI: 10.1016/0149-1970(77)90105-6.
Temperature correlation velocimetry technique in liquid metals / I. A. Belyaev, N. G. Razuvanov, V. G. Sviridov, V. S. Zagorsky // Flow Measurement and Instrumentation. – 2017. – Vol. 55. – P. 37– 43. – DOI: 10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2017.05.004.
Votyakov E. V., Kassinos S. C. On the analogy between streamlined magnetic and solid obstacles // Physics of Fluids. – 2009. – Vol. 21, iss. 9. – P. 097102. – DOI: 10.1063/1.3231833.
Cuevas S., Smolentsev S., Abdou M. On the flow past a magnetic obstacle // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. – 2006. – Vol. 553. – P. 227–252. – DOI: 10.1017/S0022112006008810.
Votyakov E., Zienicke E., Kolesnikov Yu. Constrained flow around a magnetic obstacle // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. – 2008. – Vol. 610. – P. 131–156. – DOI: 10.1017/S0022112008002590.
Structure of the wake of a magnetic obstacle / E. V. Votyakov, Yu. Kolesnikov, O. Andreev, E. Zienicke, A. Thess // Physical Review Letters. – 2007. – Vol. 98, iss 14. – P. 144504. – DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.144504.
Kenjereš S., Ten Cate S., Voesenek C. J. Vortical structures and turbulent bursts behind magnetic obstacles in transitional flow regimes // International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. – 2011. – Vol. 32, No. 3. – P. 510–528. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2011.02.011.
Kenjereš S. Energy spectra and turbulence generation in the wake of magnetic obstacles // Physics of Fluids. – 2012. – Vol. 24, iss. 11. – P. 115111. – DOI: 10.1063/1.4767726.
Numerical and experimental study of electromagnetically driven vortical flows / S. Kenjereš, J. Verdoold, M. J. Tummers, K. Hanjalić, C. R. Kleijn // International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow. – 2009. – Vol. 30, iss. 3. – P. 494–504. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.02.014.
Zhang X., Huang H. Effect of magnetic obstacle on fluid flow and heat transfer in a rectangular duct // International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer. – 2014. – Vol. 51. – P. 31–38. – DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2014.01.011.
Votyakov E. V., Kassinos S. C. Core of the magnetic obstacle // Journal of Turbulence. – 2010. – Vol. 11. – Article No. 49. – DOI: 10.1080/14685248.2010.524220.
Application of the temperature correlation method to measuring the flow rate of liquid sodium / I. Kolesnichenko, A. Mamykin, E. Golbraikh, A. Pavlinov // Magnetohydrodynamics. – 2021. – Vol. 57, No. 4. – P. 547–557. – DOI: 10.22364/mhd.57.4.9.

Библиографическая ссылка на статью

Based on the Temperature Correlation Principle, the Use of a Magnetic Obstacle to Generate Pulsations in the Flow Measurement of a Liquid Metal Coolant / A. D. Mamykin, R. I. Khalilov, E. Golbraikh, I. V. Kolesnichenko // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. - 2023. - Iss. 3. - P. 17-28. -
DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2023.3.017-028. -
URL: http://dream-journal.org/issues/2023-3/2023-3_397.html
(accessed: 30.12.2024).