Positron Annihilation Studies of Vacancy Defect Accumulation in a Cold-Worked Aging Fe–ni–ti Alloy

D. А. Perminov

doi:10.17804/2410-9908.2024.6.203-214

D. А. Perminov

POSITRON ANNIHILATION STUDIES OF VACANCY DEFECT ACCUMULATION IN A COLD-WORKED AGING Fe–Ni–Ti ALLOY

DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2024.6.203-214

The behavior of defects during irradiation in the real structure of iron-nickel alloys, which are model for austenitic stainless steels used in fast-neutron nuclear reactors, is studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy. The study discusses the efficiency of the absorption of point defects (interstitial atoms and vacancies) by dislocations (dislocation bias), as the main reason for vacancy supersaturation in steels, through dislocation pinning by oversized impurities or second-phase precipitates. Such studies are relevant in connection with the problem of the limited use of austenitic steels as structural materials for nuclear reactors due to the susceptibility of steels to vacancy swelling caused by vacancy supersaturation. The cold-worked Fe–Ni alloy is shown to accumulate vacancies under irradiation despite the high dislocation density, this being due to dislocation bias. In the cold-worked aging Fe–Ni–Ti alloy, the accumulation of defects during irradiation is significantly reduced from that of the cold-worked Fe–Ni alloy. Dislocations pinned by Ni3Ti precipitates have a lower efficiency of the absorption of interstitial atoms than that of free dislocations in the Fe–Ni alloy. Therefore, dislocation bias decreases and mutual recombination of point defects is enhanced. The here-obtained data are applicable to the prediction of radiation-induced damaging of austenitic stainless steels and alloys, as well as to the development of methods for improving their radiation resistance.

Acknowledgement: The research was carried out under the state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme Function, No. 122021000035-6).

Keywords: Fe–Ni alloys, cold-working, aging, electron irradiation, positron annihilation

References:

Yvon, P., Le Flem, M., Cabet, C., and Seran, J.L. Structural materials for next generation nuclear systems: challenges and the path forward. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2015, 294, 161–169. DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.09.015.
Was, G.S., Petti, D., Ukai, S., and Zinkle, S. Materials for future nuclear energy systems. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2019, 527, 151837. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151837.
Braislford, A.D., Bullough, R. Void growth and its relation to intrinsic point defect properties. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1978, 69–70, 434–450. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(78)90259-3.
Xiong, Y., Ma, S., Zhang, J., Huang, S., Xu, B., Fu, H., Xiang, X., Lu, W., and Zhao, S. Interactions between irradiation-induced defects and dislocations in concentrated solid solution alloys. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2024, 597, 155144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155144.
Chang, Z., Sandberg, N., Terentyev, D., Samuelsson, K., Bonny, G., and Olsson, P. Assessment of the dislocation bias in fcc metals and extrapolation to austenitic steels. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 465, 13–19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.05.042.
Casillas-Trujillo, L., Ervin, A.S., Xu, L., Barashev, A., and Xu, H. Dynamics of interaction between dislocations and point defects in bcc iron. Physical Review Materials, 2018, 2, 103604. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.103604.
Sato, K., Yoshiie, T., Ishizaki, T., and Xu, Q. Behavior of vacancies near edge dislocations in Ni and α–Fe: positron annihilation experiments and rate theory calculations. Physical Review B, 2007, 75, 094109. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.094109.
Johnston, W.G., Rosolowsky, J.H., Turkalo, A.M., and Lauritzen, T. Nickel-ion bombardment of annealed and cold-worked type 316 stainless steel. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1973, 48 (3), 330–338. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(73)90029-9.
Brager, H.R. The effect of cold-working and pre-irradiation heat treatment on void formation in neutron-irradiation type 316 stainless steel. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1975, 57 (1), 103–118. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(75)90184-1.
Kesternich, W. A possible solution of the problem of helium embrittlement. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 1985, 127 (2–3), 153–160. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(85)90350-2.
Mukherjee, P., Sarkar, A., Bhattacharya, M., Gayathri, N., and Barat, P. Post-irradiated microstructural characterisation of cold-worked SS316L by X-ray diffraction technique. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 395 (1–3), 37–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.09.013.
Voronin, V.I., Valiev, E.Z., Berger, I.F., Goschitskii, B.N., Proskurnina, N.V., Sagaradze, V.V., and Kataeva, N.F. Neutron diffraction analysis of Cr–Ni–Mo–Ti austenitic steel after cold plastic deformation and fast neutrons irradiation. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 459, 97–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.123.
Druzhkov, A.P. and Perminov, D.A. Positron annihilation studies of microstructural changes in cold-worked Fe–Ni-base aging alloys. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2010, 527 (16–17), 3877–3885. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.083.
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Druzhkov, A.P., Arbuzov, V.L. and Perminov, D.A. Positron annihilation study of effects of Ti and plastic deformation on defect accumulation and annealing in electron-irradiated austenitic steels and alloys. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2005, 341 (2–3), 153–163. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.021.
Perminov, D.A., Druzhkov, A.P., and Arbuzov, V.L. Effect of heterogeneous distributed intermetallic precipitates on accumulation of vacancy-like defects in irradiated Fe–Ni-based alloys studied by positron annihilation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2013, 443, 012035. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/443/1/012035.
Arbuzov, V.L., Druzhkov, A.P., Pecherkina, N.L., Danilov, S.E., Perminov, D.A., and Sagaradze V.V. Positron-annihilation study of the microstructure evolution in deformed Fe–Ni austenitic alloys containing titanium. Physics of Metals and Metallography, 2001, 92 (1), 70–76.
Morillo, J., De Novion, C.H., and Dural, J. Neutron and electron radiation defects in titanium and tantalum monocarbides: an electrical resistivity study. Radiation Effects, 1981, 55 (1–2), 67–78. DOI: 10.1080/00337578108225467.
Rempel, A.A., Druzhkov, A.P., and Gusev, A.I. Positron annihilation in tantalum and its carbide. Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie, 1989, 68 (2), 271–279. (In Russian).
Siegel, R.W. Positron annihilation spectroscopy. Annual Review of Materials Research, 1980, 10, 393–425. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ms.10.080180.002141.
Dlubek, G., Brümmer, O., and Hensel, E. Positron annihilation investigation for an estimation of the dislocation density and vacancy concentration of plastically deformed polycrystalline Ni of different purity. Physica Status Solidi (a), 1976, 34 (2), 737–746. DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210340239.
Arbuzov, V.L., Danilov, S.E., and Druzhkov, A.P. A Study of the vacancy–impurity interaction in dilute nickel alloys by core electron annihilation. Physica Status Solidi (a), 1997, 162 (2), 567. DOI: 10.1002/1521-396X(199708)162:2<567::AID-PSSA567>3.0.CO;2-2.
Dlubek, G., Krause, R., Brummer, O., Michnot, Z., and Gorecki, T. Impurity-induced vacancy clustering in cold-rolled nickel alloys as studied by positron annihilation techniques. Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics, 1987, 17, 1333–1347. DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/17/6/008.
Okita, T., Wolfer, W.G., Garner, F.A., and Sekimura, N. Effects of titanium additions to austenitic ternary alloys on microstructural evolution and void swelling. Philosophical Magazine, 2005, 85 (18), 2033–2048. DOI: 10.1080/14786430412331331871.

Д. А. Перминов

ПОЗИТРОННЫЕ АННИГИЛЯЦИОННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ ВАКАНСИОННЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ В ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОМ СТАРЕЮЩЕМ СПЛАВЕ Fe–Ni–Ti

Методом позитронной аннигиляционной спектроскопии было исследовано поведение дефектов в процессе облучения в реальной структуре железоникелевых сплавов, которые являются модельными для аустенитных нержавеющих сталей, используемых в ядерных реакторах на быстрых нейтронах. Рассмотрены вопросы эффективности поглощения точечных дефектов (междоузельных атомов и вакансий) дислокациями (дислокационный байес), как главной причины возникновения вакансионного пересыщения в сталях, путем закрепления дислокаций надразмерными примесями или выделениями вторых фаз. Такие исследования актуальны в связи с проблемой ограничения широты использования сталей аустенитного класса в конструкционных материалах ядерных реакторов из-за склонности сталей к вакансионному распуханию, обусловленному вакансионным пересыщением. В результате работы было показано, что в холоднодеформированном сплаве Fe–Ni во время облучения происходит накопление вакансий несмотря на высокую плотность дислокаций, что обусловлено дислокационным байесом. В холоднодеформированном стареющем сплаве Fe–Ni–Ti накопление дефектов во время облучения снижено по сравнению с холоднодеформированным сплавом Fe–Ni. Дислокации, закрепленные преципитатами Ni3Ti, обладают меньшей эффективностью поглощения междоузельных атомов по сравнению со свободными дислокациями в сплаве Fe–Ni. Благодаря этому снижается байес дислокаций и усиливается взаимная рекомбинация точечных дефектов. Полученные в работе данные могут быть использованы при прогнозировании радиационной повреждаемости аустенитных нержавеющих сталей и сплавов, а также при разработке методов улучшения их радиационной стойкости.

Благодарность: Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России (тема «Функция», № 122021000035-6).

Ключевые слова: сплавы Fe–Ni, холодная деформация, старение, электронное облучение, аннигиляция позитронов

Библиография:

Structural materials for next generation nuclear systems: challenges and the path forward / P. Yvon, M. Le Flem, C. Cabet, J. L. Seran // Nuclear Engineering and Design. – 2015. – Vol. 294. – P. 161–169. – DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.09.015.
Materials for future nuclear energy systems / G. S. Was, D. Petti, S. Ukai, S. Zinkle // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2019. – Vol. 527. – P. 151837. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.151837.
Braislford A. D., Bullough R. Void growth and its relation to intrinsic point defect properties // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 1978. – Vols. 69–70. – P. 434–450. – DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(78)90259-3.
Interactions between irradiation-induced defects and dislocations in concentrated solid solution alloys / Y. Xiong, S. Ma, J. Zhang, S. Huang, B. Xu, H. Fu, X. Xiang, W. Lu, S. Zhao // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2024. – Vol. 597. – P. 155144. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2024.155144.
Assessment of the dislocation bias in fcc metals and extrapolation to austenitic steels / Z. Chang, N. Sandberg, D. Terentyev, K. Samuelsson, G. Bonny, P. Olsson // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2015. – Vol. 465. – P. 13–19. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.05.042.
Dynamics of interaction between dislocations and point defects in bcc iron / L. Casillas-Trujillo, A. S. Ervin, L. Xu, A. Barashev, H. Xu // Physical Review Materials. – 2018. – Vol. 2. – P. 103604. – DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.103604.
Behavior of vacancies near edge dislocations in Ni and α–Fe: positron annihilation experiments and rate theory calculations / K. Sato, T. Yoshiie, T. Ishizaki, Q. Xu // Physical Review B. – 2007. – Vol. 75. – P. 094109. – DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.094109.
Nickel-ion bombardment of annealed and cold-worked type 316 stainless steel / W. G. Johnston, J. H. Rosolowsky, A. M. Turkalo, T. Lauritzen // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 1973. – Vol. 48 (3). – P. 330–338. – DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(73)90029-9.
Brager H. R. The effect of cold-working and pre-irradiation heat treatment on void formation in neutron-irradiation type 316 stainless steel // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 1975. – Vol. 57 (1). – P. 103–118. – DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(75)90184-1.
Kesternich W. A possible solution of the problem of helium embrittlement // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 1985. – Vol. 127 (2–3). – P. 153–160. – DOI: 10.1016/0022-3115(85)90350-2.
Post-irradiated microstructural characterisation of cold-worked SS316L by X-ray diffraction technique / P. Mukherjee, A. Sarkar, M. Bhattacharya, N. Gayathri, P. Barat // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2009. – Vol. 395 (1–3). – P. 37–44. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.09.013.
Neutron diffraction analysis of Cr–Ni–Mo–Ti austenitic steel after cold plastic deformation and fast neutrons irradiation / V. I. Voronin, E. Z. Valiev, I. F. Berger, B. N. Goschitskii, N. V. Proskurnina, V. V. Sagaradze, N. F. Kataeva // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2015. – Vol. 459. – P. 97–102. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.12.123.
Druzhkov A. P., Perminov D. A. Positron annihilation studies of microstructural changes in cold-worked Fe–Ni-base aging alloys // Materials Science and Engineering: A. – 2010. – Vol. 527 (16–17). – P. 3877–3885. – DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.083.
Grafutin V. I., Prokopyev E. P. Positron annihilation spectroscopy in materials structure studies // Physics-Uspekhi. – 2002. – Vol. 45. – P. 59–74. – DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0172.200201c.0067.
Druzhkov A. P., Arbuzov V. L., Perminov D. A. Positron annihilation study of effects of Ti and plastic deformation on defect accumulation and annealing in electron-irradiated austenitic steels and alloys // Journal of Nuclear Materials. – 2005. – Vol. 341 (2–3). – P. 153–163. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2005.01.021.
Perminov D. A., Druzhkov A. P., Arbuzov V. L. Effect of heterogeneous distributed intermetallic precipitates on accumulation of vacancy-like defects in irradiated Fe–Ni-based alloys studied by positron annihilation // Journal of Physics: Conference Series. – 2013. – Vol. 443. – P. 012035. – DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/443/1/012035.
Positron-annihilation study of the microstructure evolution in deformed Fe–Ni austenitic alloys containing titanium / V. L. Arbuzov, A. P. Druzhkov, N. L. Pecherkina, S. E. Danilov, D. A. Perminov, V. V. Sagaradze // Physics of Metals and Metallography. – 2001. – Vol. 92 (1). – P. 70–76.
Morillo J., De Novion C. H., Dural J. Neutron and electron radiation defects in titanium and tantalum monocarbides: an electrical resistivity study // Radiation Effects. – 1981. – Vol. 55 (1–2). – P. 67–78. – DOI: 10.1080/00337578108225467.
Ремпель А. А., Дружков А. П., Гусев А. И. Аннигиляция позитронов в тантале и его карбиде // Физика металлов и металловедение. – 1989. – Т. 68 (2). – С. 271–279.
Siegel R. W. Positron annihilation spectroscopy // Annual Review of Materials Research. – 1980. – Vol. 10. – P. 393–425. – DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ms.10.080180.002141.
Dlubek G., Brümmer O., Hensel E. Positron annihilation investigation for an estimation of the dislocation density and vacancy concentration of plastically deformed polycrystalline Ni of different purity // Physica Status Solidi (a). – 1976. – Vol. 34 (2). – P. 737–746. – DOI: 10.1002/pssa.2210340239.
Arbuzov V. L., Danilov S. E., Druzhkov A. P. A study of the vacancy–impurity interaction in dilute nickel alloys by core electron annihilation // Physica Status Solidi (a). – 1997. – Vol. 162 (2). – P. 567. – DOI: 10.1002/1521-396X(199708)162:2<567::AID-PSSA567>3.0.CO;2-2.
Impurity-induced vacancy clustering in cold-rolled nickel alloys as studied by positron annihilation techniques / G. Dlubek, R. Krause, O. Brummer, Z. Michnot, T. Gorecki // Journal of Physics F: Metal Physics. – 1987. – Vol. 17. – P. 1333–1347. – DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/17/6/008.
Effects of titanium additions to austenitic ternary alloys on microstructural evolution and void swelling / T. Okita, W. G. Wolfer, F. A. Garner, N. Sekimura // Philosophical Magazine. – 2005. – Vol. 85 (18). – P. 2033–2048. – DOI: 10.1080/14786430412331331871.

Библиографическая ссылка на статью

Perminov D. А. Positron Annihilation Studies of Vacancy Defect Accumulation in a Cold-Worked Aging Fe–ni–ti Alloy // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. - 2024. - Iss. 6. - P. 203-214. -
DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2024.6.203-214. -
URL: http://dream-journal.org/issues/content/article_489.html
(accessed: 21.01.2025).