Detection of Prefracture Zones in Structural Materials by Magnetic and Optical Methods

Yu. V. Khudorozhkova; S. M. Zadvorkin; S. V. Burov; and I. S. Kamantsev

doi:10.17804/2410-9908.2023.1.024-040

Yu. V. Khudorozhkova, S. M. Zadvorkin, S. V. Burov, and I. S. Kamantsev

DETECTION OF PREFRACTURE ZONES IN STRUCTURAL MATERIALS BY MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL METHODS

DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2023.1.024-040

The study of the applicability of magnetic and optical methods to the detection
of prefracture zones under fatigue degradation of structural materials is exemplified by the 09G2S steel. The regularities of changes in the signal of an attached fluxgate gradiometer with the increasing number of loading cycles have been revealed; namely, significant changes in the gradiometer readings on individual specimen surface areas prove to result from the formation of fracture zones. The change in the value of the coefficient of correlation among the speckle images is studied at different stages of cyclic testing. The appearance of speckle image heterogeneity is shown to be due to fracture nucleation. Thus, the applicability of magnetic and speckle-interferometric methods to detecting prefracture zones in objects under cyclic loading is substantiated.

Acknowledgement: The work was performed under state assignment No. AAAA-A18-118020790148-1. The study used the equipment of the Plastometriya shared research facilities. We appreciate the assistance of Prof. A. P. Vladimirov, staff member of the laboratory of engineering diagnostics, IES UB RAS, who has developed the original procedure of dynamic optical speckle interferometry.

Keywords: magnetic state, flux gate, gradiometer, leakage field, speckle image, surface profile, cyclic testing, nondestructive testing, pipe steel

References:

Panin V.E., Derevyagina L.S., Deryugin Ye.Ye., Panin A.V., Panin S.V., Antipina N.A. Prefracture stage mechanisms in physical mesomechanics. Physical Mesomechanics, 2003, vol. 6, No. 5–6, pp. 63–71. (In Russian).
Panin V.E. Overview on mesomechanics of plastic deformation and fracture of solids. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1998, vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 1–11. DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8442(98)00038-X.
Gorkunov E.S. Magnetic Structural-Phase Analysis as Applied to Diagnosing and Evaluating the Lifetime of Products and Structural Components. Part 1. Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures, 2015, iss. 1, pp. 6–40. DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.1.006-040. Available at: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_1_2015_Gorkunov_E._S..pdf
Gilanyi A., Morishita K., Sukegawa T., Uesaka M., Miya K. Magnetic nondestructive evaluation of fatigue damage of ferromagnetic steels for nuclear fusion energy systems. Fusion Engineering and Design, 1998, vol. 42, iss. 1–4, pp. 485–491. DOI: 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00180-X.
Plekhov O.A., Panteleev I.A., and Leontiev V.A. Peculiarities of heat release and generation of acoustic emission signals in armco iron under cyclic deformation. Fiz. Mezomekh., 2009, vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 37–43.
Boulanger T., Chrysochoos A., Mabru C., Galtier A. Calorimetric analysis of dissipative and thermoelastic effects associated with the fatigue behavior of steels. International Journal of Fatigue, 2004, vol. 26, iss. 3, pp. 221–229. DOI: 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00171-3.
Palumbo D., Galietti U. Characterisation of steel welded joints by infrared thermographic methods. Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2014, vol. 11 (1), pp. 29–42. DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2013.874220.
Benaarbia A., Chrysochoos A., Robert G. In: Photomechanics Conference: book of abstracts, 25–27 May 2015, Delft, Netherlands, 2015, pp. 86–88.
Gorkunov E.S., Mushnikov A.N. Magnetic methods of evaluating elastic stresses in ferromagnetic steels (review). Kontrol'. Diagnostika (“Testing. Diagnostics”), 2020, vol. 23, iss. 12, pp. 4–23. DOI: 10.14489/td.2020.12.pp.004-023. (In Russian).
Gorkunov E.S., Zadvorkin S.M., Dimitrov R. Application of magnetic methods for detection of localization zones of plastic deformation in structural steels. Kontrol'. Diagnostika (“Testing. Diagnostics”), 2017, iss. 1, pp. 12–15. DOI: 10.14489/td.2017.01.pp.012-015. (In Russian).
Wang Z.F., Li J., Ke W., Zhu Z. Characteristics of acoustic emission for A537 structural steel during fatigue crack propagation. Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 1992, vol. 27 (5), pp. 641–646. DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90354-H.
Razumovsky Igor A. Interference-Optical Methods of Solid Mechanics, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.
Vildeman V.E., Tretyakov M.P., Tretyakova T.V., Bulbovich R.V. et al. Eksperimentalnye issledovaniya svoistv materialov pri slozhnykh termomekhanicheskikh vozdeystviyakh [Experimental Studies of the Properties of Materials under Complex Thermomechanical Processing]. Moscow, Fizmatlit Publ., 2012, 204 p. (In Russian).
Gorkunov E.S. Magnetic Structural–phase Analysis. Part II. Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures, 2015, iss. 3, pp. 6–50. DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.3.006-050. Available at: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_3_2015_Gorkunov_E._S._006_050.pdf
Murav’ev V.V., Volkova L.V., Platunov A.V., and Kulikov V.A. An electromagnetic-acoustic method for studying stress-strain states of rails. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2016, vol. 52 (7), pp. 370–376. DOI: 10.1134/S1061830916070044.
Lasar J., Hola M., and Cip O. Differential interferometry for real-time measurement in high cycle fatigue metal testing. In: Proceedings of the Conference PhotoMechanics : book of abstracts, Delft University, Netherlands, 25–27 May 2015, pp. 64–65.
Serbin Evgeny D., Kostin Vladimir N., Vasilenko Olga N., Ksenofontov Danila G., Gerasimov Evgeny G., Terentev Pavel B. Influence of the two-stage plastic deformation on the complex of the magnetoacoustic characteristics of low-carbon steel and diagnostics of its structural state. NDT & E International, 2020, vol. 116, article 102330. DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102330.
Vladimirov A.P. Dynamic speckle interferometry of microscopic and macroscopic processes in deformable media. Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures, 2015, iss. 6, pp. 27–57. DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.6.027-057. Available at: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_6_2015_Vladimirov_A.P._027_057.pdf
Arutyunyan A.R., Zimin B.A., Sud'enkov Yu.V. The investigation of cyclic durability of construction materials by the method of optical-acoustic spectroscopy. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta, Matematika, Mekhanika, Astronomiya, 2008, No. 3, P. 88–96. (In Russian).
Ivanova V.S. Razrushenie metallov [Metal Destruction]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979, 168 p. (In Russian).
Botvina L.R. Razrushenie: kinetika, mekhanizmy, obshchie zakonomernosti [Destruction: Kinetics, Mechanisms, General Regulations]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2008. (In Russian).
Terentyev V.F., Petukhov A.N. Ustalost vysokoprochnykh metallicheskikh materialov [Fatigue of High Strength Metallic Materials]. Moscow, IMET RAS–ZIAM Publ., 2013, 515 p. (In Russian).
Vinogradov A.Yu., Hashimoto S. Fatigue of ultrafine-grained materials produced by equal-channel angular pressing. Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2004, No. 1, pp. 42–51.
Nichipuruk A.P., Stashkov A.N., Kostin V.N., Korkh M.K. Possibilities of magnetic inspection of plastic deformations preceding failures of low-carbon steels constructions. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2009, vol. 45 (9), pp. 616–622.
Terentyev V.F. Ustalostnaya prochnost metallov i splavov [Fatigue Strength of Metals and Alloys]. Moscow, Intermet Inzhiniring Publ., 2002. (In Russian).
Bida G.V., Nichipuruk A.P. Magnitnye svoystva termoobrabotannykh staley [Magnetic Properties of Heat-treated Steels]. Ekaterinburg, UrO RAN Publ., 2005. (In Russian).
Gorkunov E.S. , Povolotskaya A.M., Zadvorkin S.M., Putilova E.A., Mushnikov A.N., Bazulin E.G., Vopilkin A.Kh. Some Features in the Behavior of Magnetic and Acoustic Characteristics of Hot-Rolled 08G2B Steel under Cyclic Loading. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, 2019, vol. 55, No. 11, pp. 827–836. DOI: 10.1134/S1061830919110044.
Gorkunov E.S., Savrai R.A., Makarov A.V., Zadvorkin S.M. Magnetic Techniques for Estimating Elastic and Plastic Strains in Steels under Cyclic Loading. Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures, 2015, iss. 2, pp. 6–15. DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.2.006-015. Available at: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_2_2015_Gorkunov_E.S._et_al._6_15.pdf
Gorkunov E.S., Povolotskaya A.M., Zadvorkin S.M., Putilova E.A., Mushnikov A.N. The Effect of Cyclic Preloading on the Magnetic Behavior of the Hot-Rolled 08G2B Steel Under Elastic Uniaxial Tension. Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2021, vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 276–294. DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2002487.
Gorkunov E.S., Zadvorkin S.M., Mushnikov A.N., Smirnov S.V., Yakushenko E.I. Effect of mechanical stresses on the magnetic characteristics of pipe steel. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 2014, vol. 55 (3), pp. 530–538. DOI:10.1134/S002189441403016X.
Mushnikov A.N., Putilova E.A., Povolotskaya A.M., Goruleva L.S. Effect of plastic deformation on the structure and magnetic properties of hull steel. Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, 2022, No. 11 (809), pp. 3–10. DOI: 10.30906/mitom.2022.11.3-10. (In Russian).

Ю. В. Худорожкова, С. М. Задворкин, С. В. Буров, И. С. Каманцев

ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ ЗОН ПРЕДРАЗРУШЕНИЯ В КОНСТРУКЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ МАГНИТНЫМИ И ОПТИЧЕСКИМИ МЕТОДАМИ

На примере стали 09Г2С изучены возможности магнитных и оптических методов обнаружения зон предразрушения при усталостной деградации конструкционных материалов. Выявлены закономерности изменения сигнала приставного феррозондового градиентометра с ростом числа циклов нагружения, а именно, установлено, что значительные изменения показаний градиентометра на отдельных участках поверхности исследованных образцов обусловлены формированием очагов разрушения. Исследовано изменение величины коэффициента корреляции спекловых изображений на разных стадиях циклических испытаний. Показано, что возникновение неоднородности на картине спекловых изображений связано с зарождением очага разрушения. Таким образом, обоснована возможность использования магнитных и спекл-интерферометрических методов для обнаружения зон предразрушения при циклическом нагружении объектов.

Благодарность: Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания, № государственной реги-страции АААА-А18-118020790148-1. При проведении исследований использовано оборудова-ние ЦКП «Пластометрия». Авторы выражают благодарность сотруднику лаборатории технической диагно-стики ИМАШ УрО РАН Владимирову А. П. за разработанную оригинальную методику динамического варианта оптической спекл-интерферометрии.

Ключевые слова: магнитное состояние, феррозонд, градиентометр, поле рассеяния, спекловое изображение, профиль поверхности, циклические испытания, неразрушающий контроль, трубная сталь.

Библиография:

Закономерности стадии предразрушения в физической мезомеханике / В. Е. Панин, Л. С. Деревягина, Е. Е. Дерюгин, А. В. Панин, С. В. Панин, Н. А. Антипина // Физическая мезомеханика. – 2003. – Т. 6, № 6. – С. 97–106.
Panin V. E. Overview on mesomechanics of plastic deformation and fracture of solids // Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. –1998. – Vol. 30, No. 1. – P. 1–11. – DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8442(98)00038-X.
Gorkunov E. S. Magnetic Structural-Phase Analysis as Applied to Diagnosing and Evaluating the Lifetime of Products and Structural Components. Part 1 // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. – 2015. – Iss. 1. – P. 6–40. – DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.1.006-040. – URL: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_1_2015_Gorkunov_E._S..pdf
Magnetic nondestructive evaluation of fatigue damage of ferromagnetic steels for nuclear fusion energy systems / A. Gilanyi, K. Morishita, T. Sukegawa, M. Uesaka., K. Miya // Fusion Engineering and Design. – 1998. – Vol. 42, iss. 1–4. – С. 485–491. – DOI: 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00180-X.
Плехов О. А., Пантелеев И. А., Леонтьев В. А. Особенности выделения тепла и генерации сигналов акустической эмиссии при циклическом деформировании армко-железа // Физическая мезомеханика. – 2009. – Т. 12, № 5. – С. 37–43.
Calorimetric analysis of dissipative and thermoelastic effects associated with the fatigue behavior of steels / T. Boulanger, A. Chrysochoos, C. Mabru, A. Galtier // International Journal of Fatigue. – 2004. – Vol. 26, iss. 3. – P. 221–229. – DOI: 10.1016/S0142-1123(03)00171-3.
Palumbo D., Galietti U. Characterisation of steel welded joints by infrared thermographic methods // Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal. – 2014. – Vol. 11 (1). – P. 29–42. – DOI: 10.1080/17686733.2013.874220.
Benaarbia A., Chrysochoos A., Robert G. // Photomechanics Conference, 25–27 May 2015, Theater de Veste, Delft, Netherlands : book of abstracts. – 2015. – P. 86–88.
Горкунов Э. С., Мушников А. Н. Магнитные методы оценки упругих напряжений в ферромагнитных сталях (обзор) // Контроль. Диагностика. – 2020. – Т. 23, № 12 (270). – С. 4–23. – DOI: 10.14489/td.2020.12.pp.004-023.
Горкунов Э. С., Задворкин С. М., Дмитров Р. Применение магнитных методов для обнаружения зон локализации пластической деформации в конструкционных сталях // Контроль. Диагностика. – 2017. – № 1. – С. 12–15. – DOI: 10.14489/td.2017.01.pp.012-015.
Characteristics of acoustic emission for A537 structural steel during fatigue crack propagation / Z. F. Wang, J. Li, W. Ke, Z. Zhu // Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia. – 1992. – Vol. 27 (5). – P. 641–646. – DOI: 10.1016/0956-716X(92)90354-H.
Разумовский И. А. Интерференционно-оптические методы механики деформируемого твердого тела : учеб. пособие. – М. : Изд-во МГТУ им. Н. Э. Баумана, 2007. – 240 с.
Экспериментальные исследования свойств материалов при сложных термомеханических воздействиях / В. Э. Вильдеман, М. П. Третьяков, Т. В. Третьякова, Р. В. Бульбович, С. В. Словиков, А. В. Бабушкин, А. В. Ильиных, Д. С. Лобанов, А. В. Ипатова. – М. : ФИЗМАТЛИТ, 2012. – 204 с.
Gorkunov E. S. Magnetic Structural–phase Analysis. Part II // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. – 2015. – Iss. 3. – P. 6–50. – DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.3.006-050. – URL: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_3_2015_Gorkunov_E._S._006_050.pdf
An electromagnetic-acoustic method for studying stress-strain states of rails / V. V. Murav’ev, L. V. Volkova, A. V. Platunov, and V. A. Kulikov // Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. – 2016. – DOI: 10.1134/S1061830916070044.
Lasar J., Hola M., and Cip O. Differential interferometry for real-time measurement in high cycle fatigue metal testing // Proceedings of the Conference PhotoMechanics, Delft University, Netherlands, 25–27 May 2015 : book of abstracts, pp. 64–65.
Influence of the two-stage plastic deformation on the complex of the magnetoacoustic characteristics of low-carbon steel and diagnostics of its structural state / Evgeny D. Serbin, Vladimir N. Kostin, Olga N. Vasilenko, Danila G. Ksenofontov, Evgeny G. Gerasimov, Pavel B. Terentev // NDT & E International. – 2020. – Vol. 116, article 102330. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2020.102330.
Vladimirov A. P. Dynamic speckle interferometry of microscopic and macroscopic process. – 2015. – Iss. 6. – P. 27–57. – DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.6.027-057. – URL: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_6_2015_Vladimirov_A.P._027_057.pdf
Арутюнян А. Р., Зимин Б. А., Судьенков Ю. В. Математика. Механика. Астрономия. – 2008. – № 3. – С. 88–96.
Иванов В. С. Разрушение металлов. – М. : Металлургия, 1979. – 168 с.
Ботвина Л. Р. Разрушение. Кинетика, механизмы, общие закономерности / ИМЕТ им. А. А. Байкова РАН. – М. : Наука, 2008. – 334 с.
Терентьев В. Ф., Петухов А. Н. Усталость высокопрочных металлических материалов. – М. : ИМЕТ–ЦИАМ, 2013. – 514 с.
Vinogradov A. Yu., Hashimoto S. Fatigue of ultrafine-grained materials produced by equal-channel angular pressing // Russian Metallurgy (Metally). – 2004. – No. 1. – P. 42–51.
Possibilities of magnetic inspection of plastic deformations preceding failures of low-carbon steels constructions / A. P. Nichipuruk, A. N. Stashkov, V. N. Kostin, M. K. Korkh // Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. – 2009. – Vol. 45 (9). – P. 616–622.
Терентьев В. Ф. Усталостная прочность металлов и сплавов : монография. – М. : Интермет Инжиниринг, 2002. – 287 с.
Бида Г. В., Ничипурук А. П. Магнитные свойства термообработанных сталей. – Екатеринбург : УрО РАН, 2005. – 218 с.
Some features in the behavior of magnetic and acoustic characteristics of hot-rolled 08G2B steel under cyclic loading / E. S. Gorkunov, A. M. Povolotskaya, S. M. Zadvorkin, E. A. Putilova, A. N. Mushnikov, E. G. Bazulin, A. Kh. Vopilkin // Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. – 2019. – Vol. 55, No. 11. – P. 827–836. – DOI: 10.1134/S1061830919110044.
Magnetic Techniques for Estimating Elastic and Plastic Strains in Steels under Cyclic Loading / E. S. Gorkunov, R. A. Savrai, A. V. Makarov, S. M. Zadvorkin // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. – 2015. – Iss. 2. – P. 6–15. – DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2015.2.006-015. – URL: https://dream-journal.org/DREAM_Issue_2_2015_Gorkunov_E.S._et_al._6_15.pdf
The Effect of Cyclic Preloading on the Magnetic Behavior of the Hot-Rolled 08G2B Steel Under Elastic Uniaxial Tension / E. S. Gorkunov, A. M. Povolotskaya, S. M. Zadvorkin, E. A. Putilova, A. N. Mushnikov // Research in Nondestructive Evaluation. – 2021. – Vol. 32, No. 6. – P. 276–294. – DOI: 10.1080/09349847.2021.2002487.
Effect of mechanical stresses on the magnetic characteristics of pipe steel / E. S. Gorkunov, S. M. Zadvorkin, A. N. Mushnikov, S. V. Smirnov, E. I. Yakushenko // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. – 2014. – Vol. 55 (3). – P. 530–538. – DOI: 10.1134/S002189441403016X.
Влияние пластической деформации на структуру и магнитные свойства корпусной стали / А. Н. Мушников, Е. А. Путилова, А. М. Поволоцкая, Л. С. Горулева // Металловедение и термическая обработка металлов. – 2022. – № 11 (809). – С. 3–10. – DOI: 10.30906/mitom.2022.11.3-10.

Библиографическая ссылка на статью

Detection of Prefracture Zones in Structural Materials by Magnetic and Optical Methods / Yu. V. Khudorozhkova, S. M. Zadvorkin, S. V. Burov, and I. S. Kamantsev // Diagnostics, Resource and Mechanics of materials and structures. - 2023. - Iss. 1. - P. 24-40. -
DOI: 10.17804/2410-9908.2023.1.024-040. -
URL: http://dream-journal.org/issues/content/article_392.html
(accessed: 30.03.2025).